Authorities such as police and mall developers present their mutually agreed-upon short- and long-term traffic congestion relief measures to the Karnataka High Court.
The management of the mall, the city police, and other government agencies have mutually agreed to implement short- and long-term measures to ease traffic congestion around the mall at Byatarayanapura on Ballari Road in the city, as there have been no major violations found regarding the use of the parking area or noise regulations by Mall of Asia.
Following three rounds of deliberations, held as recommended by the court earlier, to find solutions for traffic congestion caused by mall visitors’ vehicles and to reduce noise level, the long- and short-term measures were submitted before the Karnataka High Court on Friday.
As of right now The court was told that the temporary measures will be implemented for a period of 15 days starting on January 6 on an experimental basis in order to evaluate their effects.
Judge M. Nagaprasanna, who heard a petition filed by the mall’s management company, Sparkle One Mall Developers Pvt. Ltd., ordered all parties to prolong the mutually agreed-upon action plan and postponed the next hearing until January 30.
The petitioner-company had contested the validity of the prohibitory order issued by the city Police Commissioner on December 29 under Section 144 of the Cr.PC. On December 31, the court made it clear that the order would not prevent the mall from opening for business or allowing the public to enter.
Noise Level The developers have agreed to reduce the noise level to the allowable limit. According to the proceedings of the deliberations held, the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board had found that the noise level around the mall measured at 67.61 dB L.Aeq (avg), as opposed to the limit of 65 dB L.Aeq (avg) during the day for commercial areas.
The Bangalore Development Authority has approved the development plan for 2,241 residential units, retail commercial spaces, office spaces, and multiplexes on an area of approximately 65 acres, according to the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP). The plan also includes a 13-acre mall.
A total of 3,488, comprising 2,029 (retail/commercial), 271 (multiplex), and 1,118 (office space), parking spaces are required. 2,324 parking spaces must be provided in total for the area (commercial retail space and multiplex) for which a partial occupancy was granted. According to the BBMP, surface parking must be allocated 5% of the entire development project area during the meeting.
Upon inspection, the BBMP discovered that 2,599 car parking spaces, including stack parking, were provided in accordance with standard procedure and that both basements were utilized for parking as intended. But according to the BBMP, some of the 225 surface parking spaces that were supposed to be used were instead used for landscaping.
Parking costs for motorbikes The traffic police’s recommendation to lower the two-wheeler parking fee in order to incentivize people to park inside the mall’s parking area rather than haphazardly on nearby roads has been accepted by the mall developers. All vehicles, including taxis and autorickshaws, must enter and exit in accordance with the traffic police’s recommended traffic circulation plan.
Bangkok’s condominium market is booming because of the city’s ever-changing skyline and its incredible views, modern interiors, and unmatched amenities. However, noise insulation is a frequently disregarded factor that every buyer should give top priority before making an investment. With insufficient soundproofing, the din of urban life can become a constant disruption as cities get denser.
The urban conveniences of owning a condominium in Bangkok are what attract many people to it. Purchasing a condo in this city ensures a luxurious and hassle-free lifestyle, from the attraction of its thriving nightlife and delicious food to the convenience of its business areas. However, picture arriving at your new sanctuary to find the annoying disruption of outside (traffic) noise, or worse, noise from your neighbors.
You cannot rely on regulations to ensure that you won’t be disturbed by noise from your neighbors because there is no legislation regarding noise between condominiums in Thailand.
There are two types of noise that can disturb the peaceful sound environment you are expecting: airborne noise and structural noise.
Airborne noise can come from TV, music, neighbors conversing loudly, and other sources. Additionally, factories, entertainment centers, and traffic noise can all produce airborne noise. Installations within your home, such as air conditioning units, fans, and noise from the neighbor’s plumbing (from showers and toilet flushing, among other things), can also produce airborne noise.
Structural borne noise is caused by vibrations in the construction of a condominium; think of people walking on a floor with high heels, a gym with falling weights, a condominium that is next to a lift shaft or since recently, a condominium that is next to an automated car park lift, the origin of the noise heard in the condominium has a structural borne source.
The human ear is designed to pick up sounds, and while it’s a boon in quieter, natural settings, in a bustling city, it becomes a bane. Continuous exposure to noise affects our sleep patterns, concentration, and can have long-term psychological effects.
Prioritise noise insulation
It is the duty of condominium developers to provide not only visually beautiful designs but also units that ensure seclusion, calm, and tranquility. Noise insulation is not given much priority because the rush to construct as many condominium projects at the lowest possible cost is underway. The developers are still using the same lightweight concrete blocks—between 10 and 12 centimeters—to build the walls and floors as they did thirty years ago. At most, the noise reduction will be about 40 dB, or STC (Sound Transmission Loss). However, buyers are becoming increasingly conscious of this. (most of the times unfortunately after they bought their condo) and voice their complaints as a “owners group”; they want more value for their money and are unhappy that the outdated standards are still in place. They will complain to the developers and make them put in place noise mitigation measures if they feel that even the lowest standards are not being met.
Check before purchase
Considering the significance of soundproofing, prospective homeowners ought to take proactive measures to guarantee their new condominium provides adequate noise absorption. What you can do is as follows:
Inquire about the types of building materials that were used; developers and agents ought to be able to furnish specifics. The STC between the condominiums will be determined by the walls and floors, in particular. To ensure that you are not concerned about this, it would even be preferable if the contract included a clause regarding noise reduction. Developers can forecast a building’s noise insulation in a variety of ways during the design stage.
Simply request the acoustic report when purchasing a new condo to ensure that the values will meet your needs.
A Sound Transmission Coefficient of 50dB—basically, the amount of noise blocked from your neighbors—is a recommended value for privacy in a condominium; the higher the better.
An STC value of about 55 dB would be found, for instance, in a five-star hotel.
The Path Forward
Noise insulation is a top priority for both developers and buyers as Bangkok’s condominium market soars and the city continues to thrive. It’s not only about keeping the house quiet; it’s also about protecting mental health, guaranteeing sound sleep, and improving life in general.
It is recommended that prospective purchasers view noise insulation as a must-have feature in their new condominium. By doing this, they can ensure a calm haven in the middle of Bangkok, free from the constant energy of the city.
We have received complaints from purchasers of newly constructed condominiums, and a large number of them express dissatisfaction upon moving into their new residence. It is very expensive and difficult to improve the noise transmission loss once it has been purchased. The extra expenses are well worth it if the design is sound from the beginning.
It is alarming to learn that the majority of the time in this city, the noise level is more than twice the acceptable standard, which is permanently harming the physical and mental health of city dwellers. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) published its “Annual Frontier Report, 2022,” which ranked Dhaka as the world’s most noisy city. In accordance with the 1999 WHO guidelines for community noise level, the recommended limits are 55 decibels for residential areas and 70 decibels for traffic and commercial areas. However, the report found that the average noise level in Dhaka was 119 decibels, the highest in the world in 2021. There is no denying that the media has given air and water pollution issues a lot of attention, but there seems to be less awareness of the issue when it comes to noise pollution. The negative impact of noise pollution, which is no longer just a minor health risk, has still not received enough attention. A little progress has been made over the years to stop this issue from getting worse.
Different things like traffic, hydraulic horns, aircraft, construction and repair work, industrial operations, and more all produce noise. A study suggests that the primary cause of noise pollution in Dhaka is the hydraulic horns of moving vehicles.
It’s important to note that 25.3% of professionals employed as road workers in the five city corporations of Dhaka South, Dhaka North, Rajshahi, Cumilla, and Sylhet have hearing impairment.
According to experts, noise pollution impairs sleep, raises blood pressure, causes headaches, indigestion, and auditory fatigue. Any person can become completely deaf after working in a loud environment for a long time.
Due to their work regulating traffic, traffic police are more susceptible to hearing issues. Hearing issues have been identified in the field traffic police who have worked together for many years.
Additionally, it has been noted that pregnant women who live close to major airports give birth to more immature, deformed, and crippled children than those who live elsewhere.
It’s time to act decisively to reduce the amount of noise pollution in the city. We must develop the necessary strategies to enact pertinent laws to address noise pollution and take it more seriously. Regulations and rules for noise monitoring should be implemented by the relevant authorities.
We think that with proper management, the level of noise can be reduced and the detrimental effects of sound pollution can be eliminated for Dhaka residents.
Thailand’s Pattaya – In response to the urgent problem of street racing and noise disturbance brought on by Arab tourists in the Soi 18 and Pattaya Second Road areas, Pattaya police launched a comprehensive crackdown on reckless driving and disorderly behavior on August 5.
As a result of their loud vehicles and disruptive behavior, large groups of Arab tourists have started congregating in South Pattaya’s notorious Soi 18 neighborhood. Both locals and visitors in the area have experienced discomfort as a result of the constant engine revving and the ensuing cacophony of noise.
The traffic police have already taken action to reduce erratic driving and noise pollution. They have intensified their efforts by sending more officers to strategic locations where these Arab groups are known to congregate and engage in street racing, though, in response to recent unruly incidents.
The traffic department has consistently enforced traffic discipline measures, according to Pol. Lt. Col. Arut Sapanont, head of the Pattaya City Traffic Police Division. However, given the unique difficulties presented by the Arab groups, they have stepped up their presence in key areas to discourage and capture those who engage in street racing and causing disturbances.
“Offenders caught participating in illegal street racing and causing noise disturbances will face severe penalties,” police lieutenant colonel Arut warned. To address the violations, the traffic police will issue two separate summonses. The first summons targets motorists who are observed operating vehicles without valid licenses, without helmets, or with unauthorized modifications, such as loud exhaust pipes.
Those rental companies connected to these unlawful activities will receive a second summons. They run the risk of having their vehicles impounded and a 2,000 Baht fine. Police confiscated 10 motorcycles during the crackdown, including two that had illegal modifications.
2020 has been a year full of ups and downs. One big thing that affected, in fact, is still affecting the whole world is undeniably the Covid-19 pandemic. No doubt that the pandemic has caused a lot of downhills in the development of many aspects, like economy and social, but there is one thing that have shown obvious positive sign during this situation: the environmental change.
Figure 1 A picture showing the clearer skies in Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia (Photos: Filepic).
According to a Malaysian news report by Ming Teoh from The Star, the movement control order (MCO) that was carried out to tackle the Covid-19 spread in Malaysia has brought positive environmental impacts to the country (Teoh, 2020). People were amazed by the clean rivers, clear blue skies and the recovery of nature and wildlife. Of course, due to the MCO where a lot of human activities were restricted, the streets and urban roads have been very quiet as compared to the usual noise level. The improved noise quality resulted in lower noise pollution, which made the sounds of the fauna more apparent. But once everyone gets back to normal life when the MCO is lifted, how long can this positive environmental situation last? Will there be enough time for the environment to heal properly?
The Department of Environment (DOE), Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change (MESTECC), Malaysia
The Department of Environment (DOE) from the Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change (MESTECC) of Malaysia have been very concerned about this issue all the while, specifically on the noise quality of the country. They have constantly been updating the guidelines to handle noise or vibration for various applications, for example vehicle-noise, ambient noise, or outdoor noise sources in the environment. In one of the published guidelines for environmental noise limits and control (2009), the DOE have specified a table showing the permissible sound levels for different applications, shown in Table 1 as one of the examples from the guidelines (Air & Noise, 2019).
Table 1 An example of the permissible sound levels listed in the guidelines published by the DOE.
The permissible sound levels differ by the applications (i.e. use of land, human density) and the different times of the day, to ensure that the circumstances of various conditions are taken into account during the sound level measurements. For instance, the ambient noise limits are set such that it is an absolute limit based on the average level of noise (which should not be exceeded in a specified period), or in accordance with a relative limit based on the permitted increase in noise level with respect to the background level. It is mentioned that the limits should always be consistent with the environmental noise climate of the location. The rest of the noise limit schedules listed in the guidelines include those for land use, road traffic, railway/transit trains, construction, and maintenance, which are the main sources of outdoor noise in the country.
Besides that, the report also covers guidelines on planning process, noise impact assessments, quantifying of noise disturbance, and guidance in environmental noise mitigation through planning and control. These are ideally applied in new and existing projects planning, in which the projects can cover anything that involves noise, as a potential concern or needed to be measured and assessed. This is a very imperative measure from the DOE to enforce noise control in the country to work on controlling the noise impact of the relevant applications, thus overcoming the noise pollution in Malaysia. With these actions being taken and followed, the goal to maintaining a better noise quality in the country can be achieved in near future.
Written by:
Khei Yinn Seow
Mechanical Engineer
Geonoise Malaysia
khei@geonoise.asia
References:
Air & Noise, P. S. C. S., 2019. Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control (Third Edition), Putrajaya: Department of Environment Malaysia.
Teoh, M., 2020. Blue skies, less waste: Covid-19 and the MCO’s effects on the environment., s.l.: The Star.
The COVID-19 lockdown could become an unprecedented natural experiment in noise pollution. Some of the world’s most vocal animals — birds and whales — might already be benefiting from a quieter environment.
While a drop in transportation during the coronavirus lockdowns has led to lower pollution levels across the world, the slowdown in traffic has also lowered another big polluter: noise.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), noise pollution affects over 100 million people across Europe and, in Western Europe alone, road traffic accounts for premature deaths equivalent to the loss of roughly “1.6 million healthy years of life.”
Take the disturbance to human health out of the equation, and noise remains a big source of pollution for the other inhabitants of the planet as well, namely, animals.
But how much have animals in countries on lockdown really benefited from the drop in noise levels? Turns out, that’s a very difficult question to answer.
Birds will benefit the most
Birds — by far the most visible animals found in cities, and the most vocal — stand to be among the biggest beneficiaries of quieter streets and parks.
The signals birds send each other through song is a means of survival. Without the ability to sing, hear and be heard, birds would have a difficult time finding a mate or defending their territory from predators.
There are reports of seeing more birds during the lockdown. Ornithologists say this is due to increased awareness of people’s surroundings while at home
Human activity influences bird behavior, even prompting them to communicate at less ‘busy’ times of day
The swift rise of human-made noise — also known as anthropogenic noise — over the past century has made this harder for birds.
Just like humans who have to speak up in a loud setting, birds, too, have to sing louder to communicate properly in today’s noisy world, according to ornithologist Henrik Brumm, who heads the research group for the communication and social behavior of birds at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology near Munich.
“This happens really fast,” Brumm told DW. “We found out that it takes roughly 300 milliseconds, so less than 1 second, for birds to readjust when the level of noise rises. So, when their surroundings become louder, they sing louder, too.”
Are birds getting quieter? Maybe.
Birds are already known to sing more quietly in the early morning hours of the weekends, says Brumm. The reason: there’s less traffic to compete with.
With Europe on lockdown, Germany for its part, has seen passenger air travel slashed by over 90%. Moreover, car traffic has dropped by more than 50% and trains are running at less 25% their usual rates.
A recent study from the Max Planck Institute also suggests that chronic traffic noise can have a negative effect on embryo mortality and growth in zebra finches. This, in turn, could mean that the current lockdowns coinciding with mating season could lead to not only more, but also healthier hatchlings. That is, as long as their parents choose a spot that’s still safe from humans after the lockdown ends.
Though it’s difficult to speculate without real-time data, Brumm says, it stands to reason that the current period of quiet could mean birds might be singing more softly than usual, which would already be a huge benefit.
At land or sea, noise is bad news for animals
Birds aren’t the only animals that stand to benefit from less noise. According to a recent study published in the journal Biology Letters, noise pollution affects any number of creatures ranging from frogs, to shrimp, to fish, mammals, mussels and snakes.
In fact, another habitat garnering more and more attention for noise pollution is the ocean. As bioacoustics expert Christopher Clark described it in with Yale’s environmental magazine, the din from oil and gas activity, for example, is filling entire ocean basins with “one big storm of noise.”
While research on noise pollution and marine life, just like with ornithology, is in its early stages, a landmark study conducted in the days after 9/11 found that less shipping traffic seemed to make whales calmer.
Examining the feces of right whales — a species of baleen whale that can reach 15 meters in length and weigh up to 70 tons — researchers found that fewer ships in the waters along the US-Canadian coast correlated with lower stress hormones.
The noise levels from shipping traffic, whose 20–200 Hz hum disturbs sea life despite being a low frequency, decreased by 6 decibels, with a significant reduction below 150Hz .
An unprecedented time for researchers
Just like ornithologists, marine life researchers have also found correlations between noise and interruptions in behaviors like foraging and mating. Whales, like birds, also “mask.” That is to say, they sing louder to be heard over noise disturbances, be they high or low frequency sounds.
“It’s really a huge footprint that these activities have in the ocean,” according to Nathan Merchant, an expert on noise and bioacoustics at the UK’s Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS).
And the sources of noise pollution — ranging from shipping, to wind farms, to the sequence of powerful blasts from seismic air gun tests used to locate oil and gas deposits in the ocean deep — are even harder to escape in the ocean than on land.
“It has a lot to do with how sound travels under water. Sound can travel much further and much faster than in air,” Merchant told DW.
Instruments off the coast of North America, for example, can detect seismic air gun testing as far away as the Brazilian coast.
With many cruises suspended, oil freighter traffic impacted by an oil price crash and rig activity being run by skeleton crews to curb the spread of COVID-19, marine biologists could potentially find a treasure trove of data once they’re allowed to go back into the field.
“We have underwater noise recorders at sea as we speak, but they aren’t cabled to land. So, we’ll find out when get out on a ship in several months’ time and get the data back,” Merchant said.
The more interesting question by that point might be how marine life responds to a sudden reintroduction of the human cacophony after an unexpected period of rest.
Rail transport or train transport is one of the main transportation modes these days, both for transferring passengers and goods. Every day people commute to work and back home using trains in a form of subway systems, light rail transits and other types of rail transport. These types of system can create noise both to the passengers inside of the train as well as to the environment. In this article, we will discuss about noise source components that we hear daily both inside and outside of the train.
If we pay attention to the noise when we are on board of a train, there are more than one noise source that we can hear. The main sources for interior noise in a train are turbulent boundary layer, air conditioning noise, engine/auxiliary equipment, rolling noise and aerodynamic noise from bogie, as illustrated in the following figure.
By the way, we wrote and recorded the sound of Jakarta MRT. You can see the link below to help you imagine the train situation better.
Rolling noise is caused by wheel and rail vibrations induced at the wheel/rain contact and is one of the most important components in railway noise. This type of noise depends on both wheel and rail’s roughness. The rougher the surface of both components will create higher noise level both inside and outside of the train. To be able to estimate the airborne component from the rolling noise, we must consider wheel and track characteristics and roughness.
Another noise component that contributes a lot to railway noise is aerodynamic noise which can be caused by more than one sources. These types of sources may contribute differently to internal noise and external noise. For example, aerodynamic noise contributes quite significantly at lower speeds to internal noise while for external noise, it doesn’t contribute as much if the train speed is relatively low. For example, on the report written by Federal Railroad Administration (US Department of Transportation), it is stated that aerodynamic sources start to generate significant noise at speeds of approximately 180 mph (around 290 km/h). Below that speed, only rolling noise and propulsion/machinery noise is taken into consideration for external noise calculation. In addition to external noise, machinery noise also contributes to the interior noise levels. This category includes engines, electric motors, air-conditioning equipment, and so on.
To perform the measurements of railway noise, there are several procedures that are commonly followed. For measurement of train pass-by noise, ISO 3095 Acoustics – Railway applications – measurement of noise emitted by rail bound vehicles,is commonly used. This standard has 3 editions with the first published in 1975, and then modified and approved in 2005 and again in 2013. The commonly used measures for train pass-by are Maximum Level (LAmax), Sound Exposure Level (SEL) and Transit Exposure Level (TEL).
For interior noise, the commonly used test procedure is specified in ISO 3381 Railway applications – Acoustics – Measurement of noise inside rail bound vehicles. This procedure specifies measurements in few different conditions such as measurement on trains with constant speed, accelerating trains from standstill, decelerating vehicles, and stationary vehicles.
Written by:
Hizkia Natanael
Acoustical Design Engineer
Geonoise Indonesia
hizkia@geonoise.asia
Reference:
D. J. Thompson. Railway noise and vibration: mechanisms, modelling and means of control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2008
Federal Railroad Administration – U.S. Department of Transportation, High-Speed Ground Transportation Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment. DOT/FRA/ORD-12/15. 2012
In a densely populated city like Bangkok, most of the construction projects are surrounded by condominiums, offices or residential areas. The construction sites must control the noise and vibration that may affect the surroundings. Construction sites need to control the noise and vibration levels that they produce following the EIA standard.
To manage this, noise and vibration instruments are installed which automatically will send alarms to the construction company if the thresholds are exceeded.
Noise Monitoring Station
Sound level meter class 2 according to IEC61672-1 standard which can collect the data of SPL, LEQ and LMAX. These instruments are calibrated before they are installed at a construction site. The system has a LED display and warning light when noise levels in the site are over a trigger level, which is referred to in the standards for maximum sound levels around construction sites.
According to the announcement of National Environment Board no.15 BE.2540 (1997) in the topic of “Standard loudness”, the average sound 24 hour must not exceed 70 dBA and the maximum peak level must not exceed 115 dBA.
Sound level meter are designed to be used outdoors and an additional LED display was added by Geonoise which is a professional sound and vibration company. Sound level meter with LED display also can analyse the loudness in percentile (Statistical,Ln) or analyse the frequencies in 1/1 and 1/3 octave bands. In addition to storing vibration data, you can also create level notifications in Alarm Alert format before vibration levels exceed the standard value for monitoring the activities being performed.
Vibration Monitoring
In the construction industry, transportation Industry and most large industries vibrations will occur. High vibration levels will cause structural damage to buildings, bridges, structures as well as nuisance or health risks to occupants in exposed (residential) buildings.
Therefore, it is necessary to comply with the standard of vibration in a building according to the Announcement of the National Environment Board Announcement No. 37, BE 2553 (2010) Re: Determination of Standard Vibration to Prevent Impact on Buildings and the measuring instruments need to comply with DIN45699-1.
At construction projects in Bangkok, most cause a lot of unwanted noise and vibrations. Vibration caused by construction projects are caused by piling work as well as the increased traffic of large trucks that enter and exit the construction site. To prevent that vibration levels will be exceeded, a vibration monitoring system will have to be installed.
The Announcement of the National Environment Board No. 37, BE 2553 Vibration standards to prevent impacts on buildings is the main regulation to comply with for construction sites in Thailand. The vibration standards are derived from DIN 4150-3 whereas buildings are classified into 3 types.
Building types according to DIN 4150-3:
Type 1 buildings such as commercial buildings, public buildings, large buildings, etc.
Type 2 buildings such as residential buildings, dormitories, hospitals, educational institutions, etc.
Type 3 buildings, such as archaeological sites or buildings that cultural values but not strong, etc.
In addition to storing vibration data, you can also create level notifications in Alarm Alert format before vibration level exceed the standard value for monitoring the activities being performed.
Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, is home to 10 millions of Indonesia population. Recently the Indonesian government is being sued by a group of activists and environmentalists due to the unhealthy air quality in Jakarta. The plaintiff hopes that through the lawsuit, the Indonesian government can improve existing policies to address the air pollution issues.
On 18 Jul, according to the Switzerland-based pollution mapping service AirVisual, the Air Quality Index (AQI) of Jakarta is 153, categorized as unhealthy and may cause increased aggravation of the heart and lungs. The recommendation upon this condition is to wear a pollution mask and use air purifiers inside the room. The AQI Measures five criteria air pollutants (particulate matter, sulphur, dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone), and converts the measured pollutant concentration in a community’s air to a number on a scale of 0 to 500.
Air Quality Index – AirVisual
Jakarta is one of the largest urban agglomerations in the world. The uncontrolled increase in urban population is proportional to the number of the vehicle in Jakarta. According to Badan Pusat Statistik (Statistics Indonesia), the growth of motorized vehicle in Jakarta is 5,35% every year, on the other hand, this growth will increase the number of pollution in Jakarta. This statement is supported by the acting head of Jakarta Environment Agency, Andono Warih, the fuel residue of motorized vehicles was the main contributor to severe air pollution as 80 per cent of vehicles powered by diesel fuel operated from Jakarta Greater Area (Jabodetabek) to the capital.
Jakartan can contribute directly to overcome air pollution issues. Public transportation is an environmentally friendly mode of getting around. Because public transportation carries many passengers on a single-vehicle, thus it can reduce the number of vehicles as well as reducing the number of emissions from transportation in a dense urban area. Further, public transportation can help Jakarta to reduce the smog, to meet air quality standards and to decrease the health risk of unhealthy air quality.
The urban transportation system in Indonesia consists of buses, trams, light rail, metro, rapid transit and ferries. Particularly in Jakarta, urban rail-based transportation, such as Commuter Line Train, Light Rail Transit (LRT) and Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), provides mobility and access to the urban area.
MRT Jakarta Phase 1 – MRT Jakarta
The first phase of MRT Jakarta (MRT-J) has been operating since March 2019. In daily operation, the train runs from Lebak Bulus Grab Station to the Bundaran HI Station. There are 13 stations along the railway; the underground stations are Bundaran HI, Dukuh Atas BNI, Setiabudi Astra, Bendungan Hilir, Istora Mandiri, and Senayan Station. Meanwhile, the overground stations are ASEAN, Blok M, Blok A, Haji Nawi, Cipete Raya, Fatmawati, and Lebak Bulus Grab Station. The MRT-J only needs 30 minutes to travel along the 16 kilometres railway, starting from Lebak Bulus Grab Station in South Jakarta to the Bundaran HI Station in Central Jakarta.
There are 16 train lines available to take the passengers getting around. Based on the MRT-J website, In weekdays operation, the trains operate at 05.00 WIB to 24.00 WIB with a total of 285 trips. Meanwhile, in weekend operation, the trains run at the same hour with a total of 219 trips.
During the promo operation (1 April – 12 May), the average number of daily passengers reached 82,643, whereas after the full tariff was applied, the average per day was 81,459.
The following pictures will show you the scenes of MRT Jakarta.
So what do you think? Have you tried getting around using MRT Jakarta? If you have never, try immediately and feel the different sensation of Public Transportation in Indonesia.
Further, through this article, I would like to invite you, explore the MRT Jakarta through a different perspective, that may be for a group of people this method is still rarely used, a sound.
Do you realize that sound can tell us about character, place, and time? Sometimes, it informs us in ways visuals can’t, and that is the idea of what we are going to do right now. Later you will hear, a file of recorded sound of MRT-J in its daily operation.
The sound was recorded by the soundwalk method, any excursion whose primary purpose is listening to the environment. It is exposing our ears to every sound around us no matter where we are. We may be at home, walking across a downtown street, or even at the office. Meanwhile, in this case, our environment is inside the line of MRT Jakarta. The goal is to capture any sound sources that exist during the operation of MRT-J, including the activity of the passengers.
The sound was recorded by using a mounted microphone on the iPhone X at a level of 1.2 m above the ground. The following sound is a recorded environment while the MRT-J was travelling from Bundaran HI Station to Setiabudi Astra Station, the duration of recording sound is 4 minutes and 40 seconds. Please use an earphone or any similar devices to listen to the audio for a better experience.
Caution: please set the volume around 50 – 70 % of the maximum volume.
After listening to the sound, can you identify what sound sources are presented in the recording? Here are the sound sources that I have identified:
Now we have identified the sound sources that are presented in the recording. But, do you know how many decibels that I have to endure while travelling using the MRT-J? In this article, manual measurements of noise levels were performed with a sound level meter in the MRT Jakarta with passengers on its usual route. A-weighted sound level measurements were recorded directly from one station to the next during the time between 08:00 and 09:00, using a calibrated microphone on a stand at a level of 1.2 m above the ground. The results of equivalent continuous A-weighted noise levels Leq (LAEq) in the MRT-J with passengers on its usual route from one station to the next is shown in Chart 1.
Leq is the A-weighted energy means of the noise level averaged over the measurement period. The results from the measurements show that the A-weighted noise level is varied between 77 dB to 82 dB. Further, if we look closely into the Chart, the noise level is fluctuating. It can be caused by a lot of factors, such as:
The position of MRTJ (When MRT-J inside the tunnel, the noise can be levelled up due to the reflection phenomenon).
Speed (The machine indicates producing a higher noise when in the maximum speed).
Path Crossing.
The Public Address System Volume.
Moreover, the level of continuous noise in Chart 1 represents a quite noisy environment. According to The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, states that Long or repeated exposure to sound at or above 85 dB can cause hearing loss. Thus, according to the measurement results, I suggested you wear ear protection during commuting by MRT-J. The earplug is one of the equipment that we can use to protect our hearing; you only need to spend a few thousand rupiahs for this. Wearing earplugs can help you to reduce the noise by 18 – 34 dB, it depends on the models/brand. For more accurate results, we need to do a complex measurement, such as:
Add measurement point (In this article, the measurement was done only in a measurement point, at the second car of the line).
Add a velocity as a measured parameter.
Add the measurement time; the measurement can be done during the operation hour, non-stop. (05:00 – 24:00 WIB).
Nonetheless, the idea of showing the measurement results is spreading noise awareness. Noise sticks with you around, even common sounds you hear at work or home can contribute to long term hearing loss and other health risks, they are everywhere, but only a few people are aware of it. Noise pollution is a health threat nobody is talking about. Here are some parameters to help you determine acceptable — and dangerous — noise levels:
45 dB: nightly noise ordinance threshold set by many municipalities concerned with industrial noise exposure for residents
65 db+: exposure for prolonged periods can cause physical and mental fatigue
85 dB+: can cause permanent hearing loss if exposed for extended periods
85-120 dB: dangerous over 30 minutes of exposure
120-130 dB: can cause permanent hearing loss for exposure over 30 seconds
130 dB+: not only are these noises painful, but hearing protection should always be used if avoidance is not possible.
Everyone needs to take care of their ears and hearing, as damage to the auditory system could be irreparable. The loss because of the noise exposure is gradual; you might not notice the signs, or you ignore them until they become more apparent. Please do protect your ears.
We believe that the best way to be highly productive is to be able to get into our monoideal state. Josh Kaufman says in his book “The Personal MBA”:
“Monoidealism is the state of focusing your energy and attention only on one thing. It’s often called a “flow” state: clear, focused attention on one subject for a long period of time.”
For this to happen, potential distractions and interruptions need to be eliminated. This is the reason for some people, working early in the morning or late at night can feel very productive – because on a normal day, no one is going to call you at 4 in the morning.
However, most of us do our work in an office which does not operate at those silent, undistracted hours. The good news is, we still can manage our potential distractions by knowing what distracts us the most. This can be done by allocating a time when you want to be in your monoideal state and free yourself from distractions during that time. For example, you can put your phone into flight mode and turning off email notifications from 8 to 11 and start to check emails and communicating with the outside world from 11 until lunch. The timing will depend a lot on the type of work you are doing and how much time will you need to be in monoideal state.
Unfortunately, there are things that is out of your locus of control – there is a retrofitting job upstairs, your co-worker decided to sing along to the song he is listening to, people in the other room are laughing loudly (are they talking about their boss?) and so on. If it’s not in front of your eyes, for example pop-up notifications on your screen, most of the distractions come to you in a form of sound, or I think it’s better to call it “noise”.
Noise is a productivity killer that you might be overlooking, especially if you have passed the stage of being distracted by your phone, browsing Facebook on your computer and looking at cat videos on Youtube. Fortunately, noise is manageable in a few different ways. The most viable option for an existing office is to make noise-related rules and to make everybody aware that noise can reduce their productivity. For example, companies can make rules that retrofitting job, singing and gossiping must be done outside of office hour. Another way to fix this is to separate areas for people who want to be focused and areas where people can socialize and discuss with their co-workers.
The best way to manage noise? Is to take noise into consideration from the beginning of the design process of the working space. This can be a long and complex process where there are a lot of aspects to be considered in designing an ideal office. It needs a balance between visual pleasure, company’s philosophy, functionality, health, safety and all other aspects that we want to take into account. A lot of times, all those aspects will relate to noise or acoustics in some ways, depending on each unique case.
For us acousticians, these are the things that we typically think about when helping others to design their working space (and actually any other built environment):
Ambient noise: We want the noise level inside of the working space to be reasonably low, whether it is intrusion from outside such as traffic, railway, aircraft and neighbouring building (neighbour’s mechanical system can be quite noisy), or the noise from inside the building such as HVAC system and lifts.
Sound insulation: We don’t want to hear sound that we don’t want to hear from the next room, upstairs or downstairs. By designing a suitable ceiling, flooring and wall systems, a sufficient sound insulation can be achieved.
Room acoustics: We want to be able to listen comfortably and understand verbal information that we want to. This is critical especially in meeting rooms and event space.
Sound reinforcement and public address system: We want the sound reinforcement and public address system to be heard clearly while not disturbing others who don’t want to hear it.
All the above can also be done after the building and the working space is built. But if it’s done before it’s built, you will have a lot more options and be more cost efficient rather than changing what is already been built.
So, if you are a highly productive person, or if you want to become one, we would suggest you to consider noise in choosing the space you are working in.
